
However, the interest rate rise also sends a message that the capital of commercial banks is no longer abundant. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain lending interest rates stably at a low level in the coming time.
Large pressure on deposit interest rates
Up to now, the average deposit interest rates for 3-month and 12-month terms at commercial banks have increased by 0.44-0.51 percentage points compared to the end of 2021. However, currently, the highest deposit interest rate at some commercial banks has climbed to 7.4-7.6 percent per annum. Even, for a large sum of money, the 13-month term at ABbank has surged to 8.8 percent per annum. The interest rate race in the market is getting hotter. As a result, the interest rate difference for the same term between some small and large commercial banks can be up to 1 percent. Many commercial banks said that the deposit interest rate rose partly because banks needed capital to meet the growing demand for loans, while a large part of the capital was blocked in non-performing loans from the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic to now.
Besides, a commercial bank that has not been allowed to increase the credit limit by the SBV explained that the increase in deposit interest rates was to meet the new regulations on the capital adequacy of the SBV, which becomes effective from October 1. The SBV stipulates that the ratio of short-term mobilized capital for medium and long-term loans will decrease from 37 percent to 34 percent, so the bank must promote capital mobilization for above 12-month terms to restructure capital. Not to mention that, according to the SBV, in the first seven months of the year, credit in the real estate sector rose by more than 14 percent, which also put pressure on increasing capital mobilization because most credit in this sector is medium and long term.
In that context, according to many experts, the US Federal Reserve's (FED) third sharp interest rate rise has been putting great pressure on the domestic VND/USD exchange rate, forcing banks to raise deposit interest rates to maintain the position of the Vietnamese dong. Mr. Dinh Quang Hinh, an analyst at VNDirect Securities, predicted that the deposit interest rate level would possibly increase by 0.3-0.5 percentage points in the second half of this year. Accordingly, the average 12-month deposit interest rate of commercial banks will advance to 6.1-6.3 percent per annum by the end of 2022.
Various opinions
It is considered that commercial banks have continuously increased deposit interest rates over the past time because liquidity in the banking system is no longer abundant, even tense sometimes. The speed of capital mobilization could not keep pace with credit growth, thereby putting pressure on the interest rate level. The SBV’s report also shows that, by August 26, the credit growth of the banking industry rose by 9.9 percent compared to the beginning of 2022, while the growth in capital mobilization merely reached about 3.8 percent - the lowest level ever in history.
The tense liquidity in the banking system is not only reflected in deposit interest rate rise but also in the movement of interbank interest rates that have rocketed over the past time. Interbank interest rates started to go up sharply from mid-July and sometimes reached the highest level in the past ten years.

Dr. Truong Van Phuoc
Former Acting Chairman of the National Financial Supervisory Commission:
The Prime Minister has directed to prevent lending interest rates from rising. As a result, borrowers can still borrow at an unchanged interest rate while depositors enjoy a higher interest rate, thus narrowing the banks' net interest margin (NIM). However, this is a political task that the banking system needs to join hands and share difficulties with businesses and people. The SBV can introduce encouraging policies that any bank which reduces or stabilizes lending rates and shares difficulties with enterprises will be considered for an upgrade in the rating of commercial banks or may be granted additional credit targets.
Mr. Nguyen Duc Lenh
Deputy Director of SBV-HCMC Branch:
In order to keep lending interest rates stable when deposit rates increase, the only solution that requires high social responsibility is for commercial banks to reduce costs. In addition, the effective implementation of the Government's 2-percent interest rate support package, as well as preferential credit programs, will make an important contribution to stabilizing lending rates for businesses.